Tip: 16 to 24 characters is a great default. Longer means stronger.
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Entropy is estimated from pool size and length, log2(pool^length).
How can I generate a strong, unique password?
Use the free password generator from Cogitans: choose the length and characters to create a long, random password in your browser, different for every account. The strength meter estimates difficulty from length and character pool size. It does not account for reuse, leaks or every added constraint. Local calculation does not guarantee the absence of third party scripts on the page. A unique password here means one used for a single account. The tool picks random characters without comparing the result with every existing password, so it cannot guarantee absolute uniqueness.
Practical questions
Adjust the characters to the site's rules, then save the result in your password manager. Use each password for only one account. Web Crypto provides randomness. Character selection and shuffling use rejection sampling to avoid modulo bias.
Request 20 characters with lowercase, uppercase and digits, requiring each group and excluding ambiguous characters. The output has 20 characters and includes the required groups. It changes each time; use fictional data for demonstrations.
How can I protect my other accounts if one site is hacked?
Use a different password for every account, so a password stolen from one site cannot be reused unchanged on the others. The Cogitans generator helps you create these random passwords; save them in a password manager. Also enable two-factor authentication where it is available.
How can I avoid confusing 0 and O in a password?
Enable the option that excludes similar characters. It removes lookalikes such as 0 and O to make the password easier to read and type.
How can I tell if my password is strong enough?
Use the strength meter as a guide: it estimates theoretical difficulty from length and the possible characters. A long, random password should also be used for just one account. The meter cannot detect reuse or a leak.
How does this tool work?
Adjust the characters to the site's rules, then save the result in your password manager. Use each password for only one account. Web Crypto provides randomness. Character selection and shuffling use rejection sampling to avoid modulo bias.
Sources: Cybermalveillance.gouv.fr: password guidance (French).
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